صناعة الفخار: Pottery


The Topic:
Pottery
Easier - Pottery are objects that are first shaped of wet clay, then hardened by baking. Pottery includes both decorative and practical items such as bowls, vases, dishes, and lamps.

Harder - Pottery is a decorative or useful ware made of baked clay. Pottery includes valuable works of art, inexpensive dinnerware, vases, and other simple household items, all made by professional potters. The word pottery also refers to the factory that makes pottery. Pottery ware is part of a larger product group called ceramics that encompasses bricks, cement, sewer pipes, and other industrial products. Four steps are needed to make a pottery product: preparing the clay mixture, shaping the clay, decorating and glazing the item, and firing (baking). The firing temperature gives pottery its finished appearance and its strength.
There are three major pottery types: (1) earthenware, (2) stoneware, and (3) porcelain. Each type is distinguished by its clay mixture and the temperature at which it is baked or fired. Earthenware is a pottery clay mixture that is fired at a lower temperature. The low baking temperature allows the use of colorful glazes, but also yields a pottery that cracks and chips more easily than other types. Stoneware pottery is made of a heavier clay mixture that gives it greater strength. Stoneware is fired at a much higher temperature to give a harder finish. Porcelain is the purest and the most delicate type of pottery. It is formed from koalin, a fine white clay, that is mixed with controlled amounts of feldspar and flint and then fired at a low temperature.




After visiting several of the websites, complete one or more of the following projects.

Complete A Pottery WebQuest. Follow or adapt the procedures found at one of the following webQuest sites:
1) Advanced Pottery Paper/Project http://www.msad54.k12.me.us/MSAD54Pages/SAHS/SAHS%20Webpage/CurrProjects/pottery/potteryqu.htm
2) Ceramics Around the World (Grades 9-12) by M. Almeida
http://www.dedham.k12.ma.us/webquest/fall2000/ma/ceramicswebquest.htm
3) Indian Pottery (Grade 4) by M. Dunaway and C. Kinsman
http://www2.mde.k12.ms.us/ossd/Magnolia/Mikecal/IndianPotterybyMichaelandCallie.html
4) Mystery of the Effigy Bowl (Grade 3) by S. Pearson and K. Stephens
http://www2.mde.k12.ms.us/ossd/Magnolia/KlyeSam/EffigyBowl.html

Make A Paper Mache Bowl. You may not have clay or a kiln in which to bake finished pieces, but you can still make something that looks like pottery using the paper mache technique. Follow the procedures found at Make a Papier Mache Bowl.

Make A Clay Ocarina. You will find illustrated instructions at Whistle Making Sequence . . . Technique and Photographs by C. Henley. Other plans can be found at How to Make a Clay Whistle.

Make Some Pottery. You don't have to have a pottery wheel or even a kiln. You can still make pottery. It could be tiles, sculpture, pinch pots, a coil bowl, or slab work. Whatever you like. A few potters even find and use local clay deposits. But probably the best way to get started is to take a class. Have some fun and be creative.



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صناعة الفخار

الأربعاء، 23 يونيو 2010

Pottery

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